ORIGINAL ARTICLE
From one to five putative species: an unexpected
high genetic diversity in Usnea flavocardia (lichenized
Ascomycetes, Parmeliaceae) with the discovery of a new
clade within the subgenus Usnea s.str.
1
Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de Genève, Chemin de l’Impératrice
1, 1292 Chambésy, Genève, Switzerland
2
Plant Biodiversity Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University
of Geneva, Chemin de l’Impératrice 1, 1292 Chambésy, Genève,
Switzerland
3
Fort Worth Botanic Garden, Botanical Research Institute of Texas,
USA
4
UBC Herbarium, Beaty Museum, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
5
301 route de Launaguet, Boite n° 04, 31200 Toulouse, France
6
Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan
7
2 Sur 665, Depto 205, code postal 3460000, Talca, Chile
Submission date: 2025-04-08
Acceptance date: 2025-07-09
Online publication date: 2025-08-21
Publication date: 2025-08-21
Plant and Fungal Systematics 2025; 70(2): 39-53
KEYWORDS
fatty acidslichensmulti-species coalescentspecies delimitationSTACEYthin layer chromatographyITSmcm7rpb1
ABSTRACT
In this study, we analyzed the genetic diversity within Usnea flavocardia, a widespread
species found in all continents except Antarctica. The species is characterized by
a shrubby thallus growth form, the presence of soralia, a yellow central axis and/or the
presence of red dots on the cortex. Using ITS rDNA and two protein-coding genes (mcm7
and rpb1) in a multispecies coalescent (MSC) approach, we showed that U. flavocardia
comprises five different lineages, four of which can be considered as putative new species.
Each of the five lineages, except one, is characterized by specific chemical compounds.
Within the outgroup that was used in this study, we furthermore showed that U. gaudichaudii
and U. eulychniae, both endemic to Chile, constitute a new major clade in the
subgenus Usnea s.str.
FUNDING
This study was partly supported by the Conservatoire et Jardin
botaniques de la Ville de Genève and the Fondation Ernst et
Lucie Schmidheiny that supported the laboratory fees, the Geneva
University, the Association des Amis du Jardin botanique,
the Société de Physique et d’Histoire naturelle de Genève
(Bourse Augustin Lombard) and the Société Botanique Suisse
that supported the different field trips.
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