Species in section Peltidea (aphthosa group) of the genus
Peltigera remain cryptic after molecular phylogenetic revision
1
Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0338,
USA
2
Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Liège, B-4000
Liège, Belgium
3
Life Science School, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous
Region 750021, China
4
UBC Herbarium, Beaty Museum, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
Publication date: 2018-12-31
Plant and Fungal Systematics 2018; 63(2): 45-64
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Closely related lichen-forming fungal species circumscribed using phenotypic
traits (morphospecies) do not always align well with phylogenetic inferences based on
molecular data. Using multilocus data obtained from a worldwide sampling, we inferred
phylogenetic relationships among five currently accepted morphospecies of Peltigera section
Peltidea (P. aphthosa group). Monophyletic circumscription of all currently recognized
morphospecies (P. britannica, P. chionophila, P. frippii and P. malacea) except P. aphthosa,
which contained P. britannica, was confirmed with high bootstrap support. Following their
re-delimitation using bGMYC and Structurama, BPP validated 14 putative species including
nine previously unrecognized potential species (five within P. malacea, five within
P. aphthosa, and two within P. britannica). Because none of the undescribed potential
species are corroborated morphologically, chemically, geographically or ecologically, we
concluded that these monophyletic entities represent intraspecific phylogenetic structure,
and, therefore, should not be recognized as new species. Cyanobionts associated with
Peltidea mycobionts (51 individuals) represented 22 unique rbcLX haplotypes from five
phylogroups in Clade II subclades 2 and 3. With rare exceptions, Nostoc taxa involved in
trimembered and bimembered associations are phylogenetically closely related (subclade
2) or identical, suggesting a mostly shared cyanobiont pool with infrequent switches. Based
on a broad geographical sampling, we confirm a high specificity of Nostoc subclade 2 with
their mycobionts, including a mutualistically exclusive association between phylogroup III
and specific lineages of P. malacea.
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