KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Neotropical mountain forests are characterized by having hyperdiverse and unusual fungi inhabiting lichens. The great majority of these lichenicolous fungi (i.e., detectable by light microscopy) remain undescribed and their phylogenetic relationships are mostly unknown. This study focuses on lichenicolous fungi inhabiting the genus Lobariella (Peltigerales), one of the most important lichen hosts in the Andean cloud forests. Based on molecular and morphological data, three new genera are introduced: Lawreyella gen. nov. (Cordieritidaceae, for Unguiculariopsis lobariella), Neobaryopsis gen. nov. (Cordycipitaceae), and Pseudodidymocyrtis gen. nov. (Didymosphaeriaceae). Nine additional new species are described (Abrothallus subhalei sp. nov., Atronectria lobariellae sp. nov., Corticifraga microspora sp. nov., Epithamnolia rugosopycnidiata sp. nov., Lichenotubeufia cryptica sp. nov., Neobaryopsis andensis sp. nov., Pseudodidymocyrtis lobariellae sp. nov., Rhagadostomella hypolobariella sp. nov., and Xylaria lichenicola sp. nov.). Phylogenetic placements of 13 lichenicolous species are reported here for Abrothallus, Arthonia, Globonectria, Lawreyella, Monodictys, Neobaryopsis, Pseudodidymocyrtis, Sclerococcum, Trichonectria and Xylaria. The name Sclerococcum ricasoliae comb. nov. is reestablished for the neotropical populations formerly named S. lobariellum (Sclerococcales). A key to sexual and asexual states of 40 species of lobariellicolous ascomycetous fungi is provided. Teleomorph-anamorph connections were established for several species using molecular methods and/or visual observations in nature. Additionally, we found that the anamorphic species Cornutispora ophiurospora inhabiting Lobariella was often accompanied by ascomata of Spirographa. Results of phylogenetic analyses, including newly generated sequences of several Cornutispora and Spirographa species inhabiting various host lichens, support the conclusion that Cornutispora is a synonym of Spirographa. Our Maximum Likelihood inference based on multiple loci show that all studied Spirographa (including Cornutispora) belong to a new lineage within Ostropales. Based on these highly supported phylogenetic placements and the distinct character states of their conidiomata, in comparison with other Lecanoromycetes, a new family is proposed – Spirographaceae fam. nov. This new lineage includes broadly distributed mycoparasites, inhabiting various lichen and fungal hosts, and representing an early diversification event preceding the lichen-forming clade of Fissurinaceae, Gomphillaceae and Graphidaceae. Two lichenicolous species, Asteroglobulus giselae and Pleoscutula arsenii, were found to be nested within the Spirographa clade, and their teleomorph-anamorph connections were confirmed based on genotypic and phenotypic data. This phylogenetic result is corroborated by their highly similar ascomata anatomy. Together these results strongly indicate that both species are congeneric with Spirographa. As a result, four new species (S. aggregata sp. nov., S. galligena sp. nov., S. maroneae sp. nov., and S. parmotrematis sp. nov.) and 15 new combinations are proposed (Spirographa ascaridiella comb. nov., S. arsenii comb. nov., S. ciliata comb. nov., S. giselae comb. nov., S. herteliana comb. nov., S. hypotrachynae comb. nov., S. intermedia comb. nov., S. lichenicola comb. nov., S. limaciformis comb. nov., S. ophiurospora comb. nov., S. pittii comb. nov., S. pyramidalis comb. nov., S. triangularis comb. nov., S. tricupulata comb. nov., and S. vermiformis comb. nov.). Species of the genus Spirographa, as outlined here, are strongly host-specific, mainly at the generic level of their host. Some host genera can harbour more than one Spirographa species.
 
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CITATIONS (26):
1.
Contributions to the knowledge of lichenicolous fungi growing on baeomycetoid lichens and Icmadophila, with a key to the species
Mikhail Zhurbenko, Yoshihito Ohmura
The Lichenologist
 
2.
Lichenicolous fungi from Vietnam, with the description of four new species
Mikhail Zhurbenko, Paul Diederich, Ludmila Gagarina
Herzogia
 
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New lichenicolous fungi from Brazil, with a checklist of all lichenicolous fungi known from Brazil
Javier Etayo, André Aptroot, Silva da
The Bryologist
 
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One Name – One Fungus: The Influence of Photosynthetic Partners on the Taxonomy and Systematics of Lichenized Fungi
Martin Kukwa, Magdalena Kosecka, Beata Guzow-Krzemińska
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
 
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Capronia harrisiana (Ascomycota, Chaetothyriales), a new lichenicolous species on Crocodia aurata from the southern Appalachian Mountains of southeastern North America
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The Bryologist
 
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Annotated Checklist of the Lichenicolous Fungi of Hungary
Nóra Varga, László Lőkös, Edit Farkas
Diversity
 
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Forecasting the number of species of asexually reproducing fungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota)
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Fungal Diversity
 
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Beitrag zur Kenntnis der lichenicolen Mycobiota der Alpen I. – Weitere Funde aus Tirol und der Schweiz
Franz Berger, Erich Zimmermann
Herzogia
 
9.
Phylogenetic revision of the lichenized family Gomphillaceae (Ascomycota: Graphidales) suggests post-K–Pg boundary diversification and phylogenetic signal in asexual reproductive structures
Xavier-Leite Barreto, Silva da, André Aptroot, Bibiana Moncada, Robert Lücking, Goto Tomio
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
 
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Endophytic fungus Pseudodidymocyrtis lobariellae KL27 promotes taxol biosynthesis and accumulation in Taxus chinensis
Xiaoying Cao, Lingxia Xu, Jingyi Wang, Mengmeng Dong, Chunyan Xu, Guoyin Kai, Wen Wan, Jihong Jiang
BMC Plant Biology
 
11.
Studies on lichenicolous fungi in the Uppsala (UPS) collection curated by the late Rolf Santesson
Mikhail Zhurbenko
Herzogia
 
12.
Lichenicole Pilze auf Thamnolia in den Alpen
Erich Zimmermann, Franz Berger
Herzogia
 
13.
Two new species of Lichenotubeufia (Dothideomycetes, Tubeufiales) from Chile and New Zealand, with a revised key to the genus
Mikhail Zhurbenko
The Lichenologist
 
14.
An annotated catalogue of the lichenicolous fungi of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh, India with new records and identification key
Vishal Kumar, Siljo Joseph, Yash Sharma, Sanjeeva Nayaka
Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity
 
15.
Solenopsora species (Leprocaulaceae) as hosts of lichenicolous fungi
Valerii Darmostuk, Zuzana Fačkovcová, Joêlle Breidy, Hiba Dokmak, den van, Anna Guttová
Herzogia
 
16.
Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Insights into Novel Ascomycota from Forest Woody Litter
Dhanushka Wanasinghe, Peter Mortimer
Biology
 
17.
Prospection of indigenous yeasts from Uruguayan Tannat vineyards for oenological applications
Guillermo Morera, Ovalle de, Paula González-Pombo
International Microbiology
 
18.
Die Flechten, flechtenbewohnenden und flechtenähnlichen Pilze Deutschlands – eine überarbeitete Checkliste
Christian Printzen, Brackel von, Helga Bültmann, Rainer Cezanne, Christian Dolnik, Patrick Dornes, Jan Eckstein, Marion Eichler, Volker John, Dorothee Killmann, Pier Nimis, Volker Otte, Ulf Schiefelbein, Matthias Schultz, Regine Stordeur, Dietmar Teuber, Holger Thüs
Herzogia
 
19.
New species of Sticta (lichenised Ascomycota, lobarioid Peltigeraceae) from Bolivia suggest a high level of endemism in the Central Andes
Emilia Ossowska, Bibiana Moncada, Martin Kukwa, Adam Flakus, Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus, Sandra Olszewska, Robert Lücking
MycoKeys
 
20.
Atronectria thelotrematis (Sordariomycetes), a remarkable new pyrenomycete on Thelotrema lepadinum from Chile, with a key to the lichenicolous fungi growing on Thelotrema
Mikhail Zhurbenko
Plant and Fungal Systematics
 
21.
Profile of Bionectriaceae, Calcarisporiaceae, Hypocreaceae, Nectriaceae, Tilachlidiaceae, Ijuhyaceae fam. nov., Stromatonectriaceae fam. nov. and Xanthonectriaceae fam. nov
R. Perera, K. Hyde, E. Jones, S. Maharachchikumbura, D. Bundhun, E. Camporesi, A. Akulov, J. Liu, Z. Liu
Fungal Diversity
 
22.
Lichenicole Pilze auf Menegazzia in Europa, drei neue Ascomyceten und ein Schlüssel
Franz Berger, Erich Zimmermann
Herzogia
 
23.
Contributions to the knowledge of lichenicolous fungi growing on Pannariaceae, including four new species and an identification key
Mikhail Zhurbenko
Herzogia
 
24.
Unique antimicrobial activity in honey from the Australian honeypot ant (Camponotus inflatus)
Andrew Dong, Nural Cokcetin, Dee Carter, Kenya Fernandes
PeerJ
 
25.
Ten New Additions to the Lichenicolous Fungi of India
Sharma Shweta, Siljo Joseph, Sanjeeva Nayaka
Biology Bulletin
 
26.
First molecular evidence of lichen-inhabiting Acrospermum and new insights into the evolution of lifestyles of Acrospermales (Dothideomycetes)
Valerii Darmostuk, Adam Flakus
Mycologia
 
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