Muellerella, a lichenicolous fungal genus recovered as
polyphyletic within Chaetothyriomycetidae (Eurotiomycetes,
Ascomycota)
1
Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 10,
34127 Trieste, Italy
2
Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo, 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
3
Meise Botanic Garden, Department Research, Nieuwelaan 38,
B-1860 Meise, Belgium
4
Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, Direction Générale de l’Enseignement
non obligatoire et de la Recherche scientifique, rue A. Lavallée 1,
B-1080 Bruxelles, Belgium
Publication date: 2019-12-16
Plant and Fungal Systematics 2019; 64(2): 367-381
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Molecular data and culture-dependent methods have helped to uncover the
phylogenetic relationships of numerous species of lichenicolous fungi, a specialized group
of taxa that inhabit lichens and have developed diverse degrees of specificity and parasitic
behaviors. The majority of lichenicolous fungal taxa are known in either their anamorphic or
teleomorphic states, although their anamorph-teleomorph relationships have been resolved in
only a few cases. The pycnidium-forming Lichenodiplis lecanorae and the perithecioid taxa
Muellerella atricola and M. lichenicola were recently recovered as monophyletic in Chaetothyriales
(Eurotiomycetes). Both genera are lichenicolous on multiple lichen hosts, upon
which they show a subtle morphological diversity reflected in the description of 14 species
in Muellerella (of which 12 are lichenicolous) and 12 in Lichenodiplis. Here we focus on
the teleomorphic genus Muellerella and investigate its monophyly by expanding the taxon
sampling to other species occurring on diverse lichen hosts. We generated molecular data for
two nuclear and one mitochondrial loci (28S, 18S and 16S) from environmental samples.
The present multilocus phylogeny confirms the monophyletic lineage of the teleomorphic
M. atricola and M. lichenicola with their L. lecanorae-like anamorphs, but places the rest of
the Muellerella species studied in two different monophyletic lineages with strong support.
The first, Muellerella spp. 1, is nested within some new lineages of black fungi isolated
from different epilithic lichen thalli, while the second, Muellerella spp. 2, is closely related
to the Verrucariales. Based on these results, we reappraise the phylogenetic placement of
Muellerella and suggest its polyphyly within Chaetothyriomycetidae.
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