Lichen element (N, S, metals) indicators of local air pollution load (a widely used
technique) are recommended for five predefined regions covering central and southern parts
of the eastern United States. The final recommendations integrate the advice of regional
lichenologists, information from regional floras, and species abundance data from a United
States Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis Program (FIA) lichen database for 11
of the 21 covered eastern states. Recommended species were frequent in their region, easy
for nonspecialists to distinguish in the field after training, and easy to handle using clean
protocols. Regression models of species abundance in FIA plots from five southeastern
states vs. climate, air pollution (both from a regional lichen response model) and type of
nearby landcover (from the National Land Cover Database) identified species’ environmental
limitations. Punctelia rudecta is recommended for cooler forested uplands of all regions,
with three Physcia species combined and Punctelia missouriensis for isolated woodlands
or urban areas of three regions. Parmotrema hypotropum and P. hypoleucinum combined
(weak environmental limitation) or P. perforatum. and P. subrigidum combined (limited
in more polluted areas) are recommended for warmer Coastal Plains in two regions each.
Additional species are recommended for single regions. Each species must be quantitatively
evaluated in each region, to demonstrate indication reliability in practice and to calculate
element data conversions between species for region-wide bioindication.
REFERENCES(82)
1.
Bargagli, R. & Mikhailova, I. 2002. Accumulation of inorganic contaminants. In: Nimis, P. L., Scheidegger & C., Wolseley, P. (eds) Monitoring with Lichens – Monitoring Lichens, pp. 65–84. NATO Science Series. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Hague, NL.
Bargagli, R. & Nimis, P. L. 2002. Guidelines for the use of epiphytic lichens as biomonitors of atmospheric deposition of trace elements. In: Nimis, P. L., Scheidegger, C. & Wolseley, P. (eds) Monitoring with Lichens – Monitoring Lichens, pp. 295–300. NATO Science Series. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Hague, NL.
Bari, A., Rosso, A., Minciardi, M. R., Troiani, F. & Piervittori, R. 2001. Analysis of heavy metals in atmospheric particulates in relation to their bioaccumulation in explanted Pseudevernia furfuracea thalli. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 69: 205–20.
Bennett, J. P. & Wetmore, C. M. 1999. Changes in element contents of selected lichens over 11 years in northern Minnesota, USA. Environmental and Experimental Botany 41: 75–82.
Boquete, M. T., Fernández, J. A., Aboal, J. R. & Real, C. 2009. Spatial structure of trace elements in extensive biomonitoring surveys with terrestrial mosses. Science of the Total Environment 408: 153–162.
Cleavitt, N. L., Hinds, J. W., Poirot, R. L., Geiser, L. H., Dibble, A. C., Leon, B., Perron, R. & Pardo, L. H. 2015. Epiphytic macrolichen communities correspond to patterns of sulfur and nitrogen deposition in the northeastern United States. The Bryologist 118: 304–325.
Cleland, D. T., Freeouf, J. A., Keys, J. E., Nowacki, G. J., Carpenter, C. & McNab, W. H. 2007. Ecological Subregions: Sections and subsections for the conterminous United States. Gen. Tech. Report WO-76D [Map on CD-ROM] (A.M. Sloan, cartographer) presentation scale 1:3,500,000; colored.U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, DC. https://www.fs.usda.gov/treese... [Accessed 2 March 2019].
Conti, M. E. & Cecchetti, G. 2001. Biological monitoring: lichens as bioindicators of air pollution assessment – a review. Environmental Pollution 114: 471–492.
DeBolt, A. M., Rosentreter, R. & Martin, E. P. 2007. Macrolichen diversity in subtropical forests of north-central Florida. The Bryologist 110: 254–265.
Donovan, G. H., Jovan, S. E., Gatziolis, D., Burstyn, I., Michael, Y. L., Monleon, V. J. & Amacher, M. C. 2016. Using an epiphytic moss to identify previously unknown sources of atmospheric cadmium pollution. Science of the Total Environment 569: 84–93.
Fenn, M. E., Baron, J. S., Allen, E. B., Rueth, H. M., Nydick, K. R., Geiser, L., Bowman, W. D., Sickman, J. O., Meixner, T., Johnson, D. W. & Neitlich, P. 2003. Ecological effects of nitrogen deposition in the western United States. BioScience 53: 404–420.
Garty, J. 2002. Biomonitoring heavy metal pollution with lichens. In: Kranner, I., Beckett, R. P., Varma, A. K. (eds), Protocols in Lichenology. Culturing, Biochemistry, Ecophysiology and Use in Biomonitoring, pp. 458–482. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
Geiser, L. H. & Neitlich, P. 2007. Air pollution and climate gradients in western Oregon and Washington indicated by epiphytic macrolichens. Environmental Pollution 145: 203–218.
Glavich. D. A. & Geiser, L. 2008. Potential approaches to developing lichen-based critical loads and levels for nitrogen, sulfur and metal-containing atmospheric pollutants in North America. The Bryologist 111: 638–649.
Harris, R. C. 1990. Some Florida Lichens. Published by the author, Bronx, NY, USA, 109 pp. Available from Recent Literature on Lichens http://www.nhm2.uio.no/botanis... [Accessed 5 April 2019].
Harris, R. C. & Ladd, D. M. 2019. Lichens of the Ozarks. Floristics and implications for biodiversity conservation. New York Botanical Garden and The Nature Conservancy, Bronx, USA https://www.nybg.org/bsci/lich... [Accessed 5 April 2019].
Hill, R., Jordan, T., Beeching, S. Q., Parks, P., Drennon, C. & Walker, W. 2007. A guide to twelve common & conspicuous lichens of Georgia’s Piedmont. [plus] lichens of Georgia mountains and coastal plains. https://www.eealliance.org/ass... [Accessed 5 April 2019 ].
Jovan, S., Riddell, J., Padgett, P. E. & Nash III, T. H. 2012. Eutrophic lichens respond to multiple forms of N: implications for critical levels and critical loads research. Ecological Applications 22: 1910–1922.
Jovan, S., Haldeman, M., Will-Wolf, S., Dillman, K., Geiser, L., Thompson, J. & Shaw, J. 2020a. National Atlas of Epiphytic Lichens in Forested Habitats, U.S.A. Accepted manuscript in preparation for publication (as of October 2019). General Technical Report. PNW-GTR-XXX. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR, USA (in press).
Jovan, S., Will-Wolf, S., Geiser, L. & Dillman, K. 2020b. User guide for the national FIA Lichen database (beta). Accepted manuscript in preparation (as of October 2019). General Technical Report. PNW-GTR-XXX. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station., Portland, OR, USA (in press).
Karakas, S. Y. & Tuncel, S. G. 2004. Comparison of accumulation capacities of two lichen species analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 259: 113–118.
Ladd, D. M. 2002. Lichens of the Lower Ozark region of Missouri and Arkansas. Missouri Ozark Forest Ecosystem Project, Missouri. Department of Conservation, Missouri Botanical Garden, Nature Conservancy, St. Louis, USA. 140 p (revision in progress).
Lawrey, J. D. 1985. Lichens as lead and sulfur monitors in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. Contract CX-0001-1-0114/PX-0001-4-1128. U.S. National Park Service, Air Quality Division, Ft. Collins, CO, USA.
Lawrey, J. D. 2011. A lichen biomonitoring program to protect resources in the National Capital Region by detecting air quality effects. Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCRN/NRTR—2011/450. National Park Service, Fort Collins, CO, USA. https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore... [Accessed 5 April, 2019].
Lawrey, J. D. & Hale, Jr. , M. E. 1977. Natural history of Plummers Island, Maryland. XXIII. Studies on lichen growth rate at Plummers Island, Maryland. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 90: 698–725.
Lawrey, J. D. & Hale, Jr., M. E. 1988. Lichen evidence for changes in atmospheric pollution in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. The Bryologist 91: 21–23.
Lendemer, J. C. & Ruiz. A. M. 2015. Molecular data confirm morphological variability in the widespread foliose lichen Canoparmelia carolinana (Parmeliaceae). Castanea 80: 29–36.
Lendemer, J. C., Harris, R. C. & Tripp, E. A. 2013. The lichens and allied fungi of Great Smoky Mountains National Park: an annotated checklist with comprehensive keys. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 104: 1–152.
Lendemer, J., Allen, J. & Noell. N. 2015. The Parmotrema acid test: a look at species delineation in the P. perforatum group 40 y later. Mycologia 107: 1120–1129.
Lendemer, J. C.; Harris, R. C. & Ruiz, A. M. 2016. A review of the lichens of the Dare Regional Biodiversity Hotspot in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain of North Carolina, eastern North America. Castanea 81: 1–77.
Lücking, R., Seavey, F., Common, R., Beeching, S. Q., Breuss, O., Buck, W. R., Crane, L. & Hodges, M. et al. 2011. The lichens of Fakahatchee Strand Preserve State Park, Florida: Proceedings from the 18th Tuckerman Workshop. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 49: 127–186.
McCune, B., Dey, J. P., Peck, J. E., Heiman, K. & Will-Wolf, S. 1997. Regional gradients in lichen communities of the Southeast United States. The Bryologist 100: 145–158.
McCune, B. & Mefford, M. J. 2019. PC-ORDv6.22. Multivariate analysis of ecological data. Version 6. Wild Blueberry Media LLC, Corvallis, OR. https://www.wildblueberrymedia... [Accessed 5 April 2019].
McCune, B., Arup, U., Breuss, O., Di Meglio. E., Di Meglio, J., Esslinger, T. L., Magain, N., Miadlikowska, J., Miller, A. E., Muggia, L., Nelson, P. R., Rosentreter, R., Schultz, M., Sheard, J. W., Tønsberg, T. & Walton, J. 2018. Biodiversity and ecology of lichens of Katmai and Lake Clark National Parks and Preserves, Alaska. Mycosphere 9: 859–930.
McNab, W. H., Cleland, D. T., Freeouf, J. A., Keys, Jr., J. E., Nowacki, G. J., Carpenter, C. A., compilers. 2007. Description of ecological subregions: sections of the conterminous United States [CD-ROM]. Gen. Tech. Report WO-76B. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, DC, USA. 80 p. https://www.fs.usda.gov/treese... [Accessed 2 March, 2019].
Olmez, I., Gulovali, M. C. & Gordon, G. E. 1985. Trace element concentrations in lichens near a coal-fired power plant. Atmospheric Environment 19: 1663–1669.
Paoli, L., Guttová, A., Grassi, A., Lackovicová, A., Senko, D. & Loppi, S. 2014. Biological effects of airborne pollutants released during cement production assessed with lichens (SW Slovakia). Ecological Indicators 40: 127–135.
Pyatt, F. B., Grattan, J. P., Lacy, D., Pyatt, A. J. & Seaward, M. R. D. 1999. Comparative effectiveness of Tillandsia usneoides L. and Parmotrema praesorediosum (Nyl.) Hale as bio-indicators of atmospheric pollution in Louisiana (U.S.A.). Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 111: 317–326.
Root, H. T., Geiser, L. H., Jovan, S. & Neitlich, P. 2015. Epiphytic macrolichen indication of air quality and climate in interior forested mountains of the Pacific Northwest, USA. Ecological Indicators 53: 95–105.
Rosentreter, R., Eldridge, D., Westberg, M., Briegel-Williams, L. & Grube, M. 2016. Structure, Composition, and Function of Biocrust Lichen Communities. In Weber, B., Büdel, B., Belnap, J. (eds). Biological Soil Crusts: An Organizing Principle in Drylands, Ch 7, pp. 121–138. Springer, Berlin, Germany.
Seabrook, C. 2018. A close-up look at lichens can reveal a miniature world. [Features Malcolm Hodges, a collaborator on the Georgia Lichen Project]. Atlanta Journal-Constitution/Life. May 11, 2018. https://www.ajc.com/lifestyles... [Accessed 5 April 2019].
Showman, R. E. & Hendricks, J. C. 1989. Trace element content of Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale due to industrial emissions. Journal of Air and Waste Management Association [JAPCA] 39: 317–320.
Sloof, J. E. & Wolterbeek, B, T. 1993. Interspecies comparison of lichens as biomonitors of trace-element air pollution. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 25: 149–157.
United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service [USDA FS]. 2017. Field guides for standard (phase 2) measurements. Phase 2 measurement field guide, Version 7.1 (downloadable pdf). Forest Inventory and Analysis Program. FIA library. https://fia.fs.fed.us/library/... [Accessed 5 April 2019].
Walther, D. A., Ramelow, G. J., Beck, J. N., Young, J. C., Callahan, J. D. & Marcon, M. 1990. Temporal changes in metal levels of the lichens Parmotrema praesorediosum and Ramalina stenospora, southwest Louisiana. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 53: 189–200.
Wetmore, C. M. 1983. Lichens of the air quality class 1 national parks. Final Report. National Park Service – AIR, Denver, Colorado, USA. http://gis.nacse.org/lichenair.... [Accessed 5 April 2019].
Wetmore, C. 1992. Lichens and Air Quality in George Washington Carver National Monument. Report submitted to National Park Service – AIR, Denver, Colorado, USA.
Wetmore, C. & Bennett, J. 1997. Lichens and Air Quality in Three Prairie Parks: Effigy Mounds National Monument – Iowa, Homestead National Monument – Nebraska, and Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield – Missouri. Report submitted to Biological Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, DC, USA.
Wickham, J., Homer, C., Vogelman, J., McKerrow, A., Mueller, R., Herold, N. & Coulston, J. 2014. The Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium — 20 years of development and integration of USA national land cover data. Remote Sensing 6: 7424–7441.
Will-Wolf, S., Jovan, S., Neitlich, P., Peck, J. L. & Rosentreter, R. 2015a. Lichen-based Indexes evaluate responses to climate and air pollution across northeastern U.S.A. The Bryologist 118: 59–82.
Will-Wolf, S., Makholm, M. M., Nelsen, M. P. & Trest, M. T. 2015b. Element analysis of two common macrolichens supports bioindication of air pollution and lichen response in rural midwestern U.S.A. The Bryologist 118: 371–384.
Will-Wolf, S., Jovan, S. & Amacher, M. C. 2017a. Lichen elemental content bioindicators for air quality in upper Midwest, USA: a model for large-scale monitoring. Ecological Indicators 78: 253–263.
Will-Wolf, S., Jovan, S. & Amacher, M. C. 2017b. Lichen elements as environmental indicators: evaluation of methods for large monitoring programs. The Lichenologist 49: 415–424.
Will-Wolf, S., Jovan, S. & Amacher, M. C. 2018a. Lichen species to bioindicate air quality in eastern U.S. from elemental composition: lessons from the Midwest. In: Potter, K. M. & Conkling, B. L. (eds). Forest health monitoring: national status, trends, and analysis 2017, Ch. 6, pp 101–114. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-233. USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville, NC, USA. https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pu... [Accessed 5 April 2019].
Will-Wolf, S., Jovan, S., Nelsen, M. P., Trest, M. T., Rolih, K. & Reis, A. 2018b. Lichen indexes assess response to climate and air quality in the Mid-Atlantic region, USA. The Bryologist 121: 461–479.
Will-Wolf, S., Jovan, S., Amacher, M. C. & Patterson, P. L. 2020. Lichen elemental indicators for air pollution in Eastern U. S. A. forests; a pilot study in the upper Midwest. Accepted manuscript in preparation for publication (as of October 2019). General Technical Report. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR, USA (in press).
Yemets, O. A., Solhaug, K. A. & Gauslaa, Y. 2014. Spatial dispersal of airborne pollutants and their effects on growth and viability of lichen transplants along a rural highway in Norway. The Lichenologist 46: 809–823.
Zschau, T., Getty, S., Gries, C., Ameron, Y., Zambrano, A. & Nash III, T. H. 2003. Historical and current atmospheric deposition to the epilithic lichen Xanthoparmelia in Maricopa County, Arizona. Environmental Pollution 125: 21–30.
Contrasting Patterns of Climatic Niche Divergence in Trebouxia—A Clade of Lichen-Forming Algae Matthew Nelsen, Steven Leavitt, Kathleen Heller, Lucia Muggia, H. Lumbsch Frontiers in Microbiology
Assessment of air toxicity in the megalopolis of Krasnoyarsk using long‐term monitoring of suburban pine forests Galina Polyakova, Vera Senashova, Natalia Podolyak, Alla Kolovskaya, Nadezhda Kudryasheva Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.