ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Gymnographopsis aptrootiana (Graphidales), a new addition to a poorly known genus with unique morphological features
1
Wisconsin State Herbarium, Department of Botany, University of
Wisconsin, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI, 53706 USA
2
Herbario Nacional de Costa Rica. Departamento de Historia Natural,
Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
3
Self-employed. Tilarán, Costa Rica
4
Collections, Conservation and Research Division, The Field Museum,
1400 South DuSable Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605, USA
5
Department of Liberal Arts, School of the Art Institute of Chicago,
36 South Wabash Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60603, USA
6
Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum, Freie Universität Berlin,
Königin-Luise-Straße 6–8, 14195 Berlin, Germany
Submission date: 2026-04-22
Acceptance date: 2026-07-17
Online publication date: 2026-07-31
Publication date: 2026-07-31
Plant and Fungal Systematics 2026; 71(1): 232-241
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
The new species Gymnographopsis aptrootiana is described from tree bark
in rain forests of Costa Rica and Guyana. It is placed in Gymnographopsis based on the
combination of a partially ecorticate thallus, lirellate ascomata with partly exposed disc, and
small, non-amyloid (I–), septate ascospores. Overall, it is most similar to G. koreaiensis, but
differs in the 1-septate ascospores and the formation of disc-shaped schizidia, as well as its
unusual chemistry with three unidentified compounds. We provide a modern overview of
the genus Gymnographopsis, a key to the five currently accepted species, and a discussion
of its position in Graphidaceae s.lat. We dedicate this work to our long-standing colleague,
friend, and collaborator in the TICOLICHEN project, André Aptroot, for his invaluable
contributions to tropical lichenology, on the occasion of his 65th birthday.
FUNDING
The TICOLICHEN biodiversity inventory in Costa Rica was
supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation
(DEB 0206125 to The Field Museum; PI R. Lücking) and by
funds from the World Bank to the Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
(INBio).
REFERENCES (81)
1.
Ahti, T. & Sipman, H. J. M. 2013. Ten new species of Cladonia (Cladoniaceae, Lichenized Fungi) from the Guianas and Venezuela, South America. Phytotaxa 93: 25–39. https://doi.org/10.11646/phyto....
2.
Aptroot, A. & Feuerstein, S. 2020. New Graphidaceae from south and central Brazil. Archive for Lichenology 16: 1–11.
3.
Aptroot, A. & Sipman, H. J. M. 1993. Trichotheliaceae (Lichens). Flora of the Guianas. Series E: Fungi and Lichens, Fascicle 2, Koeltz Scientific Books, Königstein, Germany.
4.
Aptroot, A. & Sipman, H. J. M. 2007. A new Schistophoron (Graphidaceae) from Costa Rica. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 96: 21–24.
5.
Aptroot, A., Umaña-Tenorio, L., Chaves, J. L. & Trest, M. T. 2006. A first assessment of the TICOLICHEN biodiversity inventory in Costa Rica: three new squamulose genera (Lecanorales: Ramalinaceae and Pilocarpacaeae). The Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 100: 617–623. https://doi.org/10.18968/jhbl.....
6.
Aptroot, A., Ertz, D., Etayo, J. A., Gueidan, C., Mercado-Díaz, J. A., Schumm, F. & Weerakoon, G. 2016. Forty-six new species of Trypetheliaceae from the tropics. The Lichenologist 48: 609–638. https://doi.org/10.1017/S00242....
7.
Aptroot, A., Lücking, R. & Cáceres, M. E. S. 2023a. New species and records of Graphidaceae and Gomphillaceae (Lichenized Fungi) from Brazil. Plant and Fungal Systematics 68: 249–261. https://doi.org/10.35535/pfsys....
8.
Aptroot, A., Weerakoon, G., Cannon, P., Coppins, B., Sanderson, N. & Simkin, J. 2023b. Ostropales: Graphidaceae, including the genera Allographa, Clandestinotrema, Crutarndina, Diploschistes, Fissurina, Graphis, Leucodecton, Phaeographis, Schizotrema, Thelotrema and Topeliopsis. Revisions of British and Irish Lichens 36: 1–23. https://britishlichensociety.o....
9.
Aptroot, A., Lücking, R. & Cáceres, M. E. S. 2024. New species, records and combinations of Graphidaceae (Lichenized Fungi) from Brazil. The Bryologist 127: 22–55. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2....
10.
Archer, A. W. 2009. Graphidaceae. In: McCarthy, P. M. (ed.), Flora of Australia, Volume 57. Lichens 5. ABRS and CSIRO Publishing, Canberra and Melbourne, pp. 84–194.
11.
Baloch, E. & Grube, M. 2009. Pronounced genetic diversity in tropical epiphyllous lichen fungi. Molecular Ecology 18: 2185–2197. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365....
12.
Baloch, E., Lumbsch, H. T., Lücking, R. & Wedin, M. 2013. New combinations and names in Gyalecta for former Belonia and Pachyphiale (Ascomycota: Ostropales) species. The Lichenologist 45: 723–727. https://doi.org/10.1017/S00242....
13.
Barcenas Peña, A., Lücking, R., Miranda-González, R. & Herrera-Campos, M. A. 2014. Three new species of Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales: Graphidaceae) from Mexico, with updates to taxonomic key entries for 41 species described between 2009 and 2013. The Lichenologist 46: 69–82. https://doi.org/10.1017/S00242....
14.
Bungartz, F., Lücking, R. & Aptroot, A. 2010. The family Graphidaceae (Ostropales: Lecanoromycetes) in the Galapagos Islands. Nova Hedwigia 90: 1–44. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5....
15.
Cáceres, M. E. S., Aptroot, A., Parnmen, S. & Lücking, R. 2014. Remarkable diversity of the lichen family Graphidaceae in the Amazon rain forest of Rondônia, Brazil. Phytotaxa 189: 87–136. https://doi.org/10.11646/phyto....
16.
Cáceres, M. E. S., Lücking, R., Schumm, F. & Aptroot, A. 2020. A lichenized family yields another renegade lineage: Papilionovela albothallina is the first non-lichenized, saprobic member of Graphidaceae subfam. Graphidoideae. The Bryologist 123: 144–154. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2....
17.
Chaves, J. L., Lücking, R., Sipman, H. J., Umaña, L. & Navarro, E. 2004. A first assessment of the Ticolichen biodiversity inventory in Costa Rica: the genus Dictyonema (Polyporales: Atheliaceae). The Bryologist 107: 242–249. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2....
19.
Egea, J. M. & Torrente, P. 1996. Tres nuevas especies de hongos liquenizados de la Provincia del Cabo (Sudáfrica). Cryptogamie, Bryologie-Lichénologie 17: 295–312.
20.
Elix, J. A. 2022. Catalogue of Standardized Chromatographic Data and Biosynthetic Relationships for Lichen Substances. Sixth Edition. Published by the author, Canberra.
21.
Feuerstein, S. C., Cunha-Dias, I. P. R. Aptroot, A., Eliasaro, S. & Cáceres, M. E. S. 2014. Three new Diorygma (Graphidaceae) species from Brazil, with a revised world key. The Lichenologist 46: 753–761. https://doi.org/10.1017/S00242....
22.
Feuerstein, S. C., Aptroot, A., da Silveira, R. M. B., Lücking, R. & Cáceres, M. E. S. 2022. An updated world key to the species of Acanthothecis s.lat. (Ascomycota: Graphidaceae), with ten new species from Brazil. The Lichenologist 54: 87–99. https://doi.org/10.1017/S00242....
23.
Follmann, G 1967. Die Flechtenflora der nordchilenischen Nebeloase Cerro Moreno. Nova Hedwigia 14: 215–281.
24.
Frisch, A., Kalb, K. & Grube, M. (eds). 2006. Contributions towards a new systematics of the lichen family Thelotremataceae. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 92: 1–556.
25.
Hale, M. E. 1978. A revision of the lichen family Thelotremataceae in Panama. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 38: 1–60.
26.
Hale, M. E. 1980. Generic delimitation in the lichen family Thelotremataceae. Mycotaxon 11: 130–138. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.4172....
27.
Hale, M. E. 1981. A revision of the lichen family Thelotremataceae in Sri Lanka. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany Series 8: 227–332.
28.
Hawksworth, D. L. 1972. Index of Fungi Supplement. Lichens 1961–1969. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew.
29.
Hodkinson, B. P. 2012. An evolving phylogenetically based taxonomy of lichens and allied fungi. Opuscula Philolichenum 11: 4–10.
30.
Jagadeesh Ram, T. A. M. 2014. The genus Herpothallon (Arthoniaceae) in the Andaman Islands, India. The Lichenologist 46: 39–49. https://doi.org/10.1017/S00242....
31.
Jatnika, M. F., Weerakoon, G, Arachchige, O., Noer, I. S., Voytsekhovich, A. & Lücking, R. 2019. Discoveries through social media and in your own backyard: two new species of Allographa (Graphidaceae) with pigmented lirellae from the Palaeotropics, with a world key to species of this group. The Lichenologist 51: 227–233. https://doi.org/10.1017/S00242....
32.
Käffer, M. I., De Azevedo Martins, S. M., Cáceres, M. E. S. & Aptroot, A. 2014. A new, locally common Graphis (Graphidaceae) species from Southern Brazil. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 35: 233–237. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym.v....
33.
Kalb, K. 2020. New or otherwise interesting lichens. VII, including a world key to the lichen genus Heiomasia. Archive for Lichenology 15: 1–18.
34.
Kraichak, E., Parnmen, S., Lücking, R., Rivas Plata, E., Aptroot, A., Cáceres, M. E. S., Ertz, D., Mangold, A., Mercado-Diaz, J. A. Papong, K., van den Broeck, D., Weerakoon, G. & Lumbsch, H. T. 2014. Revisiting the phylogeny of Ocellularieae, the second largest tribe within Graphidaceae (lichenized Ascomycota: Ostropales). Phytotaxa 189: 52–81. https://doi.org/10.11646/phyto....
35.
Kraichak, E., Huang, J. P., Nelsen, M., Leavitt, S. D. & Lumbsch, H. T. 2018. A revised classification of orders and families in the two major subclasses of Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) based on a temporal approach. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 188: 233–249. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlin....
36.
Lafferty, D., Bungartz, F., Elix, J. A. & Schumm, F. 2024. Mytabolites – a program developed at Arizona State University for the interpretation thin-layer chromatography plates, for the analysis of secondary metabolites from lichens, based on an original concept published by E. Mietzsch, H. T. Lumbsch & J. A. Elix. Help & Resources for the Consortium of Lichen Herbaria, available at https://help.lichenportal.org/....
37.
Lebreton, E., Ertz, D., Lücking, R., Aptroot, A., Carriconde, F., Ah-Peng, C., Huang, J. P., Chen, K. H., Stenger, P. L., Cáceres, M. E. S. & van den Boom, P. 2025. Global phylogeny of the family Gomphillaceae (Ascomycota, Graphidales) sheds light on the origin, diversification and endemism in foliicolous lineages. IMA Fungus 16: e144194. https://doi.org/10.3897/imafun....
38.
Lima, E. L., Maia, L. C., Aptroot, A. & Cáceres, M. E. S. 2013. New lichen species from Vale do Catimbau, Pernambuco, Brazil. The Bryologist 116: 327–329. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2....
39.
Lücking, R. 2014. A key to species of the Ocellularia papillata, perforata and terebrata morphodemes (Ascomycota: Graphidaceae). Glalia 6(3): 1–34.
40.
Lücking, R. 2019. Stop the abuse of time! Strict temporal banding is not the future of rank-based classifications in fungi (including lichens) and other organisms. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 38: 199–253. https://doi.org/10.1080/073526....
41.
Lücking, R. & Ferraro, L. I. 1997. New species or interesting records of foliicolous lichens. I. Trichothelium argenteum (Lichenized Ascomycetes: Trichotheliaceae). The Lichenologist 29: 217–220. https://doi.org/10.1006/lich.1....
42.
Lücking, R. & Kalb, K. 2018. Formal instatement of Allographa (Graphidaceae): How to deal with a hyperdiverse genus complex with cryptic differentiation and paucity of molecular data. Herzogia 31: 535–561. https://doi.org/10.13158/heia.....
43.
Lücking, R. & Rivas Plata, E. 2008. Clave y guía ilustrada para géneros de Graphidaceae. Glalia 1(1): 1–41.
44.
Lücking, R., Aptroot, A., Umaña, L., Chaves, J. L., Sipman, H. J. & Nelsen, M. P. 2006. A first assessment of the Ticolichen biodiversity inventory in Costa Rica: the genus Gyalideopsis and its segregates (Ostropales: Gomphillaceae), with a world-wide key and name status checklist. The Lichenologist 38: 131–160. https://doi.org/10.1017/S00242....
45.
Lücking, R., Aptroot, A., Chaves, J. L., Sipman, H. J. M. & Umana, L. 2007. A first assessment of the TICOLICHEN biodiversity inventory in Costa Rica: the genus Coccocarpia (Peltigerales: Coccocarpiaceae). Bibliotheca Lichenologica 95: 429–457.
46.
Lücking, R., Chaves, J. L., Sipman, H. J. M., Umaña, L. & Aptroot, A. 2008. A first assessment of the Ticolichen biodiversity inventory in Costa Rica: The genus Graphis, with notes on the genus Hemithecium (Ascomycota: Ostropales: Graphidaceae). Fieldiana Botany, New Series 46: 1–126. https://doi.org/10.3158/0015-0....
47.
Lücking, R., Archer, A. W. & Aptroot, A. 2009. A word-wide key to the genus Graphis (Ostropales: Graphidaceae). The Lichenologist 41: 363–452. https://doi.org/10.1017/S00242....
48.
Lücking, R., Tehler, A., Bungartz, F., Rivas Plata, E. & Lumbsch, H. T. 2013. Journey from the West: did tropical Graphidaceae (lichenized Ascomycota: Ostropales) evolve from a saxicolous ancestor along the American Pacific coast? American Journal of Botany 100: 844–856. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.12....
49.
Lücking, R., Johnston, M. K., Aptroot, A., Kraichak, E., Lendemer, J. C., Boonpragob, K., Cáceres, M. E. S., Ertz, D., Ferraro, L. I., Jia, Z.-F., Kalb, K., Mangold, A., Manoch, L., Mercado-Díaz, J. A., Moncada, B., Mongkolsuk, P., Papong, K., Parnmen, S.. Peláez, R., Poengsungnoen, V., Rivas Plata, E., Saipunkaew, W., Sipman, H. J. M., Suttjaritturakan, J., van den Broeck, D., von Konrat, M., Weerakoon, G., Lumbsch, H. T. 2014. One hundred and seventy-five new species of Graphidaceae: closing the gap or a drop in the bucket? Phytotaxa 189: 7–38. https://doi.org/10.11646/phyto....
50.
Lücking, R., Mangold, A., Rivas Plata, E., Parnmen, S., Kraichak, E., & Lumbsch, H. T. 2015. Morphology-based phylogenetic binning to assess a taxonomic challenge: A case study in Graphidaceae (Ascomycota) requires a new generic name for the widespread Leptotrema wightii. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 179: 436–443. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12....
51.
Lücking, R., Mangold, A. & Lumbsch, H. T. 2016. A worldwide key to species of the genera Myriotrema and Glaucotrema (lichenized Ascomycota: Graphidaceae), with a nomenclatural checklist of species published in Myriotrema. Herzogia 29: 493–513. https://doi.org/10.13158/heia.....
52.
Lücking, R., Hodkinson, B. P. & Leavitt, S. D. 2017. The 2016 classification of lichenized fungi in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota – Approaching one thousand genera. The Bryologist 119: 361–416. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2....
53.
Lücking, R., Moncada, B., Soto-Medina, E., Simijaca, D. & Sipman, H. J. M. 2021. Actualización nomenclatural y taxonómica del Catálogo de Líquenes de Colombia. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales 45: 147–189. https://doi.org/10.18257/racce....
54.
Lumbsch, H. T., Kraichak, E., Parnmen, S., Rivas Plata, E., Aptroot, A., Cáceres, M. E. S., Ertz, D., Feuerstein, S. C., Mercado-Díaz, J. A., Staiger, B., van den Broeck, D. & Lücking, R. 2014a. New higher taxa in the lichen family Graphidaceae (lichenized Ascomycota: Ostropales) based on a three-gene skeleton phylogeny. Phytotaxa 189: 89–51. https://doi.org/10.11646/phyto....
55.
Lumbsch, H. T., Parnmen, S., Kraichak, E., Papong, K. B. & Lücking, R. 2014b. High frequency of character transformations is phylogenetically structured within the lichenized fungal family Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales). Systematics and Biodiversity 12: 271–291. https://doi.org/10.1080/147720....
56.
Mangold, A., Martín, M. P., Lücking, R. & Lumbsch, H. T. 2008. Molecular phylogeny suggests synonymy of Thelotremataceae within Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales). Taxon 57: 476–486. https://doi.org/10.2307/250660....
57.
Mangold, A., Elix, J. A. & Lumbsch, H. T. 2009. Thelotremataceae. In: McCarthy, P. M. (ed.), Flora of Australia, Volume 57. Lichens 5. ABRS and CSIRO Publishing, Canberra and Melbourne, pp. 195–420.
58.
Medeiros, I. D., Kraichak, E., Lücking, R., Mangold, A. & Lumbsch, H. T. 2017. Assembling a taxonomic monograph of tribe Wirthiotremateae (lichenized Ascomycota: Ostropales: Graphidaceae). Fieldiana Life and Earth Sciences 9: 1–31. https://doi.org/10.3158/2158-5....
59.
Mercado-Díaz, J. A., Lücking, R. & Parnmen, S. 2014. Two new genera and twelve new species of Graphidaceae from Puerto Rico: a case for higher endemism of lichenized fungi in islands of the Caribbean? Phytotaxa 189: 186–203. https://doi.org/10.11646/phyto....
60.
Miranda-González, R., Lücking, R., Barcenas-Peña, A. & Herrera-Campos, M. A. 2020. The new genus Jocatoa (Lecanoromycetes: Graphidaceae) and new insights into subfamily Redonographoideae. The Bryologist 123: 127–143. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2....
61.
Nelsen, M. P., Lücking, R., Chaves, J. L., Sipman, H. J., Umaña, L. & Navarro, E. 2006. A first assessment of the Ticolichen biodiversity inventory in Costa Rica: the genus Haematomma (Lecanorales: Lecanoraceae). The Lichenologist 38: 251–262. https://doi.org/10.1017/S00242....
62.
Nelsen, M., Lücking, R., Plata, E. R. & Mbatchou, J. S. 2010. Heiomasia, a new genus in the lichen-forming family Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Lecanoromycetes: Ostropales) with disjunct distribution in Southeastern North America and Southeast Asia. The Bryologist 113: 742–751. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2....
63.
Orange, A., James, P. W. & White, F. J. 2010. Microchemical Methods for the Identification of Lichens. 2nd. Edition. British Lichen Society. London.
64.
Poelt, J. 1965. Uber einige Artengruppen der Flechtengattungen Caloplaca und Fulgensia. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung München 5: 571–607.
65.
Rivas Plata, E. & Lumbsch, H. T. 2011. Parallel evolution and phenotypic disparity in lichenized fungi: a case study in the lichen-forming fungal family Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Lecanoromycetes: Ostropales). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61: 45–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympe....
66.
Rivas Plata, E., Lücking, R., Aptroot, A., Sipman, H. J. M., Chaves, J. L., Umaña, L. & Lizano, D. 2006. A first assessment of the Ticolichen biodiversity inventory in Costa Rica: the genus Coenogonium (Ostropales: Coenogoniaceae), with a world-wide key and checklist and a phenotype-based cladistic analysis. Fungal Diversity 23: 255–321.
67.
Rivas Plata, E., Lücking, R., Sipman, H. J. M., Mangold, A., Kalb, K. & Lumbsch, H. T. 2010. A world-wide key to the thelotremoid Graphidaceae, excluding the Ocellularia-Myriotrema-Stegobolus clade. The Lichenologist 42: 139–185. https://doi.org/10.1017/S00242....
68.
Rivas Plata, E., Lücking, R. & Lumbsch, H. T. 2012. A new classification for the family Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Lecanoromycetes: Ostropales). Fungal Diversity 52: 107–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225....
69.
Rivas Plata, E., Parnmen, S., Staiger, B., Mangold, A., Frisch, A., Weerakoon, G., Hernández, J., Cáceres, M. E. S., Kalb, K., Sipman, H. & Common, R. S. 2013. A molecular phylogeny of Graphidaceae (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes, Ostropales) including 428 species. MycoKeys 6: 55–94. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycoke....
70.
Schumm, F. & Elix, J. A. 2015. Atlas of Images of Thin Layer Chromatograms of Lichen Substances. Books on Demand, Norderstedt, Germany. http://www.bod.de.
71.
Schumm, F. & Elix, J. A. 2016. Atlas of Images of Thin Layer Chromatograms of Lichen Substances. Supplement. Books on Demand, Norderstedt, Germany. http://www.bod.de.
72.
Sipman, H. J. M. 1991. Notes on the lichen flora of the Guianas, a neotropical lowland area. In: Galloway, D. J. (ed.), Tropical Lichens: Their Systematics, Conservation, and Ecology. Systematics Association Special Volume, Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 135–150.
73.
Sipman, H. J. M. 1994. New Graphidales (lichenized Ascomycotina) from the Guianas and nearby areas [Studies on the Flora of the Guianas no. 79]. Acta Botanica Fennica 150: 165–172.
74.
Sipman, H. J. M. 2014. New species of Graphidaceae from the Neotropics and Southeast Asia. Phytotaxa 189: 289–311. https://doi.org/10.11646/phyto....
75.
Sipman, H. J. M. & Aptroot, A. 2023. Fourteen new Carbacanthographis species from the Neotropics, with ecological observation. Plant and Fungal Systematics 68: 320–334. https://doi.org/10.35535/pfsys....
76.
Sipman, H. J. M., Lücking, R., Aptroot, A., Chaves, J. L., Kalb, K. & Umaña-Tenorio, L. 2012. A first assessment of the Ticolichen biodiversity inventory in Costa Rica and adjacent areas: the thelotremoid Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales). Phytotaxa 55: 1–214. https://doi.org/10.11646/phyto....
77.
Staiger, B. 2002. Die Flechtenfamilie Graphidaceae. Studien in Richtung einer natürlicheren Gliederung. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 85: 1–526.
78.
Torres, J. M., Spielmann, A. A., Aptroot, A., Cardoso, K. F. & Honda, N. K. 2020. The lichen genus Schistophoron Stirt. (Ascomycetes, Graphidaceae) in Brazil, with a world key to the species. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 41: 211–217. https://doi.org/10.5252/crypto....
79.
Van den Boom, P. P. & Sipman, H. J. M. 2016. Foliicolous lichens from Suriname and Guyana: new records and three new species. Folia Cryptogamica Estonica 53: 101–110. https://doi.org/10.12697/fce.2....
80.
Wijayawardene, N. N., Hyde, K. D., Al-Ani, L. K. T., Tedersoo, L., Haelewaters, D., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Zhao, R. L., Aptroot, A., Leontyev, D. V., Saxena, R. K., Tokarev, Y. S., Dai, D. Q., Letcher, P. M., Stephenson, S. L., Ertz, D., Lumbsch, H. T., Kukwa, M., Issi, I. V., Madrid, H., Phillips, A. J. L., Selbmann, L., Pfliegler, W. P., Horváth, E., Bensch, K., Kirk, P. M., Kolaříková, K., Raja, H. A., Radek, R., Papp, V., Dima, B., Ma, J., Malosso, E., Takamatsu, S., Rambold, G., Gannibal, P. B., Triebel, D., Gautam, A. K., Avasthi, S., Suetrong, S., Timdal, E., Fryar, S. C., Delgado, G., Réblová, M., Doilom, M., Dolatabadi, S., Pawłowska, J. Z., Humber, R. A., Kodsueb, R., Sánchez-Castro, I., Goto, B. T., Silva, D. K. A., de Souza, F. A., Oehl, F., da Silva, G. A., Silva, I. R., Błaszkowski, J., Jobim, K., Maia, L. C., Barbosa, F. R., Fiuza, P. O., Divakar, P. K., Shenoy, B. D., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Somrithipol, S., Lateef, A. A., Karunarathna, S. C., Tibpromma, S., Mortimer, P. E., Wanasinghe, D. N., Phookamsak, R., Xu, J., Wang, Y., Tian, F., Alvarado, P., Li, D. W., Kušan, I., Matočec, N., Mešić, A., Tkalčec, Z., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Papizadeh, M., Heredia, G., Wartchow, F., Bakhshi, M., Boehm, E., Youssef, N., Hustad, V. P., Lawrey, J. D., Santiago, A. L. C. M. A., Bezerra, J. D. P., Souza-Motta, C. M., Firmino, A. L., Tian, Q., Houbraken, J., Hongsanan, S., Tanaka, K., Dissanayake, A. J., Monteiro, J. S., Grossart, H. P., Suija, A., Weerakoon, G., Etayo, J., Tsurykau, A., Vázquez, V., Mungai, P., Damm, U., Li, Q. R., Zhang, H., Boonmee, S., Lu, Y. Z., Becerra, A. G., Kendrick, B., Brearley, F. Q., Motiejūnaitė, J., Sharma, B., Khare, R., Gaikwad, S., Wijesundara, D. S. A., Tang, L. Z., He, M. Q., Flakus, A., Rodriguez-Flakus, P., Zhurbenko, M. P., McKenzie, E. H. C., Stadler, M., Bhat, D. J., Liu, J. K., Raza, M., Jeewon, R., Nassonova, E. S., Prieto, M., Jayalal, R. G. U., Erdoğdu, M., Yurkov, A., Schnittler, M., Shchepin, O. N., Novozhilov, YK., Silva-Filho, A. G. S., Gentekaki, E., Liu, P., Cavender, J. C., Kang, Y., Mohammad, S., Zhang, L. F., Xu, R. F., Li, Y. M., Dayarathne, M. C., Ekanayaka, A. H., Wen, T. C., Deng, C. Y., Pereira, O. L., Navathe, S., Hawksworth, D. L., Fan, X. L., Dissanayake, L. S., Kuhnert, E., Grossart, H. P. & Thines, M. 2020. Outline of fungi and fungus-like taxa. Mycosphere 11: 1060–1456. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosp....
81.
Xavier-Leite, A. B., Cáceres, M. E. S, Aptroot, A., Moncada, B., Lücking, R. & Goto, B. T. 2022. Phylogenetic revision of the lichenized family Gomphillaceae (Ascomycota: Graphidales) suggests post-K–Pg boundary diversification and phylogenetic signal in asexual reproductive structures. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 168: 107380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympe....
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 2657-5000 |
| ISSN: | 2544-7459 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
